Data at glance of Aruba - average on period

variable 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2007 2008-2009 2010-2019 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
real gdp growth 12.7 5.86 1.25 -7.45 -0.03 8.9 7.6 5.6 2.3 2.0
CPI % 4.12 3.89 4.22 0.0 0.78 3.4 1.7 0.1 1.2 2.0
Unemployment rate 8.38 6.05 8.28 10.45 7.86 4.0 4.3 3.6 4.3 4.3
Debt/GDP % - 46.65 43.77 51.75 75.96 80.3 68.6 63.6 60.3 57.5
Current account balance/GDP % - -7.0 3.84 -5.9 -3.12 5.4 9.6 7.7 6.5 5.8

Data derived from World Economic Outlook Database. To see main macroeconomic indicator in graphs click here

History

Discovered and claimed for Spain in 1499, Aruba was acquired by the Dutch in 1636. Three main industries have since dominated the island's economy: gold mining, oil refining, and tourism. A 19th-century gold rush was followed by prosperity brought on by the opening of an oil refinery in 1924. The last decades of the 20th century saw a boom in the tourism industry. Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 and became a separate, semi-autonomous member of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Movement toward full independence was halted at Aruba's request in 1990.

Environment

Area: 180 sq km km2

Climate: tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

Natural resources: NEGL; white sandy beaches foster tourism

Ethnic characteristics

Groups: Dutch 78.7%, Colombian 6.6%, Venezuelan 5.5%, Dominican 2.8%, Haitian 1.3%, other 5.1% (2020 est.)

Languages:

Religions: Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist 0.9%, Adventist 0.9%, Anglican 0.4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.5% (2010 est.)

Government

Capital: Oranjestad

Government type: parliamentary democracy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Executive branch

Chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor General Alfonso BOEKHOUDT (since 1 January 2017)

Head of government: Prime Minister Mike EMAN (since 28 March 2025)

Legislative branch

Description: Legislature (Staten) - unicameral

Economic Overview

small, tourism-dependent, territorial-island economy; very high public debt; COVID-19 crippled economic activity; partial recovery underway via tourism, benefitting from its high amount of timeshare residences; considering reopening oil refinery

Industries

tourism, petroleum transshipment facilities, banking

GDP by sector: Agriculture: 0% (2019 est.), Industry: 11.4% (2019 est.), Services: 78.3% (2019 est.)

Trade

Export partners: Jordan 34%, Colombia 31%, USA 7%, Guyana 5%, Slovakia 5% (2023)

Export commodities: tobacco, gas turbines, refined petroleum, steam turbines, heating machinery (2023)

Import partners: USA 53%, Netherlands 15%, China 6%, Colombia 3%, Brazil 3% (2023)

Import commodities: refined petroleum, tobacco, cars, garments, jewelry (2023)

Geography

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela

Information derived from worldfactbook.io (Lupon Media), open successor to the CIA World Factbook. Data sourced from World Bank, IMF, UN and other international organizations.