| variable | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | 2000-2007 | 2008-2009 | 2010-2019 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| real gdp growth | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.9 | -2.45 | 0.58 | -1.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| CPI % | 6.62 | 2.11 | 1.71 | 1.65 | 1.36 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
| Unemployment rate | 5.19 | 12.62 | 8.26 | 8.4 | 8.22 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.1 |
| Debt/GDP % | 15.05 | 46.76 | 38.84 | 45.8 | 64.54 | 77.0 | 82.4 | 89.3 | 93.1 | 94.2 |
| Current account balance/GDP % | -2.15 | 1.8 | 4.84 | 1.7 | -1.2 | -0.9 | -0.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Data derived from World Economic Outlook Database. To see main macroeconomic indicator in graphs click here
Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It gained complete independence in 1917. During World War II, Finland successfully defended its independence through cooperation with Germany and resisted subsequent invasions by the Soviet Union, albeit with some loss of territory. During the next half-century, Finland transformed from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per-capita income is among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are high-quality education, promotion of equality, and a national social welfare system, although the system is currently facing the challenges of an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023.
Area: 338,145 sq km km2
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
Natural resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone
Groups: Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Estonian, Romani, Sami
Languages: Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.)
Religions: Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.)
Capital: Helsinki
Government type: parliamentary republic
Chief of state: President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024)
Head of government: Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023)
Description: Parliament (Eduskunta - Riksdagen) - unicameral
high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities
metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing
GDP by sector: Agriculture: 2.5% (2024 est.), Industry: 22.1% (2024 est.), Services: 62.9% (2024 est.)
Export partners: USA 11%, Germany 11%, Sweden 10%, Netherlands 7%, China 5% (2023)
Export commodities: paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp, ships (2023)
Import partners: Germany 14%, Sweden 12%, China 9%, Norway 8%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
Import commodities: crude petroleum, cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment (2023)
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
Military expenditure: 2025: 2.8% of GDP (2025 est.)
Information derived from worldfactbook.io (Lupon Media), open successor to the CIA World Factbook. Data sourced from World Bank, IMF, UN and other international organizations.