Data at glance of Kuwait - average on period

History

Kuwait has been ruled by the AL-SABAH dynasty since the 18th century. The threat of Ottoman invasion in 1899 prompted Amir Mubarak AL-SABAH to seek protection from Britain, ceding foreign and defense responsibility to Britain until 1961, when the country attained its independence. Iraq attacked and overran Kuwait in 1990. After several weeks of aerial bombardment, a US-led UN coalition began a ground assault in 1991 that liberated Kuwait in four days. In 1992, the Amir reconstituted the parliament that he had dissolved in 1986. Amid the 2010-11 uprisings and protests across the Arab world, stateless Arabs known as Bidoon staged small protests demanding citizenship, jobs, and other benefits available to Kuwaiti nationals. Other demographic groups, notably Islamists and Kuwaitis from tribal backgrounds, soon joined the growing protest movements, which culminated with the resignation of the prime minister amid allegations of corruption. Demonstrations renewed in 2012 in response to a decree amending the electoral law that lessened the voting power of the tribal blocs. An opposition coalition of Sunni Islamists, tribal populists, and some liberals largely boycotted legislative elections in 2012 and 2013, which ushered in a legislature more amenable to the government's agenda. Faced with the prospect of painful subsidy cuts, oppositionists and independents actively participated in the 2016 election, winning nearly half the seats, but the opposition became increasingly factionalized. Between 2006 and his death in 2020, the Amir dissolved the National Assembly on seven occasions and shuffled the cabinet over a dozen times, usually citing political stagnation and gridlock between the legislature and the government. The current Amir, who assumed his role in 2020, launched a "National Dialogue" in 2021 meant to resolve political gridlock. As part of this initiative, the Amir pardoned several opposition figures who had been living in exile, and they returned to Kuwait. Legislative challenges remain, and the cabinet has been reshuffled six times since 2020.

Environment

Area: 17,818 sq km km2

Climate: dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters

Natural resources: petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas

Ethnic characteristics

Groups: Kuwaiti 30.4%, other Arab 27.4%, Asian 40.3%, African 1%, other 0.9% (includes European, North American, South American, and Australian) (2018 est.)

Languages: Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Religions: Muslim (official) 74.6%, Christian 18.2%, other and unspecified 7.2% (2013 est.)

Government

Capital: Kuwait City

Government type: constitutional monarchy (emirate)

Executive branch

Chief of state: Amir MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 16 December 2023)

Head of government: Prime Minister AHMAD ABDULLAH Al-Ahmad al Sabah (since 15 May 2024)

Legislative branch

Description: -

Industries

petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, water desalination, food processing, construction materials

GDP by sector: Agriculture: 0.5% (2024 est.), Industry: 57.1% (2024 est.), Services: 55.9% (2024 est.)

Trade

Export partners: China 25%, India 13%, Japan 13%, Taiwan 7%, UK 5% (2023)

Export commodities: crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, hydrocarbons, plastics (2023)

Import partners: China 18%, UAE 10%, USA 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Japan 6% (2023)

Import commodities: cars, natural gas, garments, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicine (2023)

Geography

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia

Defence

Military expenditure: 2024: 4.9% of GDP (2024 est.)