| variable | 1990-1999 | 2000-2007 | 2008-2009 | 2010-2019 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| real gdp growth | -9.28 | 6.37 | 0.55 | 2.67 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 3.2 |
| CPI % | 157.72 | 11.08 | 3.7 | 5.66 | 13.4 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 6.4 | 5.5 |
| Unemployment rate | 10.76 | 6.74 | 6.9 | 4.66 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 |
| Debt/GDP % | 109.2 | 51.12 | 29.05 | 33.48 | 34.9 | 38.8 | 36.6 | 39.3 | 40.8 |
| Current account balance/GDP % | -10.41 | -7.7 | -7.9 | -7.2 | -11.1 | -16.5 | -19.1 | -21.9 | -20.4 |
Data derived from World Economic Outlook Database. To see main macroeconomic indicator in graphs click here
A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001 to 2009 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010 to 2019, but pro-Russia candidate Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016, and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in 2020, and SANDU's Party of Action and Solidarity won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in 2021. In early 2023, Moldova's parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.
Area: 33,851 sq km km2
Climate: moderate winters, warm summers
Natural resources: lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land
Groups: Moldovan 75.1%, Romanian 7%, Ukrainian 6.6%, Gagauz 4.6%, Russian 4.1%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 0.8% (2014 est.)
Languages: Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014)
Religions: Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <0.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)
Capital: Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)
Government type: parliamentary republic
Chief of state: President Maia SANDU (since 24 December 2020)
Head of government: Prime Minister Alexandru MUNTEANU (since 1 November 2025)
Description: Parliament (Parlament) - unicameral
upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
GDP by sector: Agriculture: 7.1% (2024 est.), Industry: 16.8% (2024 est.), Services: 62.3% (2024 est.)
Export partners: Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023)
Export commodities: insulated wire, garments, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023)
Import partners: Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023)
Import commodities: refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Military expenditure: 2024: 0.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Information derived from worldfactbook.io (Lupon Media), open successor to the CIA World Factbook. Data sourced from World Bank, IMF, UN and other international organizations.