| variable | 1980-1989 | 1990-1999 | 2000-2007 | 2008-2009 | 2010-2019 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| real gdp growth | 3.8 | 3.0 | 1.1 | -0.7 | -0.18 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| CPI % | 17.43 | 4.72 | 2.99 | 0.25 | 1.07 | 5.3 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.3 |
| Unemployment rate | 7.5 | 5.84 | 7.34 | 10.85 | 11.62 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| Debt/GDP % | 60.2 | 58.9 | 67.83 | 93.95 | 126.54 | 96.9 | 93.5 | 89.9 | 85.6 | 82.2 |
| Current account balance/GDP % | -2.96 | -4.09 | -9.34 | -10.35 | -0.15 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Data derived from World Economic Outlook Database. To see main macroeconomic indicator in graphs click here
A global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A revolution deposed the monarchy in 1910, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup ushered in broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Area: 92,090 sq km km2
Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Natural resources: fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
Groups: Portuguese 95%; citizens from Portugal’s former colonies in Africa, Asia (Han Chinese), and South America (Brazilian) and other foreign born 5%
Languages:
Religions: Catholic 68.1%, not applicable 12.9%, no religion 12.0%, no response 2.2%, Protestant 1.8%, other 1.0%; less than 1%: other Christians, Orthodox, Muslim (2021 est.)
Capital: Lisbon
Government type: semi-presidential republic
Chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)
Head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis MONTENEGRO (since 2 April 2024)
Description: Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica) - unicameral
high-income EU and eurozone economy; strong services sector led by tourism and banking; tight labor market; growth driven by private consumption, trade surplus, and public investment from EU funds; declining public debt
textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics
GDP by sector: Agriculture: 2% (2024 est.), Industry: 18.4% (2024 est.), Services: 66.4% (2024 est.)
Export partners: Spain 21%, France 11%, Germany 10%, USA 8%, UK 5% (2023)
Export commodities: cars, garments, vehicle parts/accessories, unpackaged medicine, refined petroleum (2023)
Import partners: Spain 33%, Germany 11%, France 7%, Netherlands 5%, China 5% (2023)
Import commodities: cars, crude petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Military expenditure: 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Information derived from worldfactbook.io (Lupon Media), open successor to the CIA World Factbook. Data sourced from World Bank, IMF, UN and other international organizations.